1 Petrus 3:8

Suffering for Doing Good

3:8 Finally, all of you be harmonious, ¹  sympathetic, affectionate, compassionate, and humble.

1 Petrus 4:7-11

Service, Suffering, and Judgment

4:7 For the culmination of all things is near. So be self-controlled and sober-minded for the sake of prayer. ²  4:8 Above all keep ³  your love for one another fervent, ⁴  because love covers a multitude of sins. ⁵  4:9 Show hospitality ⁶  to one another without complaining. 4:10 Just as each one has received a gift, use it to serve one another ⁷  as good stewards of the varied grace of God. 4:11 Whoever speaks, let it be with ⁸  God’s words. ⁹  Whoever serves, do so with the strength ¹⁰  that God supplies, so that in everything God will be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong ¹¹  the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.

1 Petrus 5:1-9

Leading and Living in God’s Flock

5:1 So as your fellow elder and a witness of Christ’s sufferings and as one who shares in the glory that will be revealed, I urge the elders among you: 5:2 Give a shepherd’s care to ¹²  God’s flock among you, exercising oversight ¹³  not merely as a duty ¹⁴  but willingly under God’s direction, ¹⁵  not for shameful profit but eagerly. 5:3 And do not lord it over ¹⁶  those entrusted to you, ¹⁷  but be examples to the flock. 5:4 Then ¹⁸  when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that never fades away.

5:5 In the same way, you who are younger, ¹⁹  be subject to the elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. ²⁰  5:6 And God will exalt you in due time, ²¹  if you humble yourselves under his mighty hand ²²  5:7 by casting ²³  all your cares ²⁴  on him because he cares for you. 5:8 Be sober and alert. Your enemy the devil, like a roaring lion, ²⁵  is on the prowl looking for someone ²⁶  to devour. 5:9 Resist him, ²⁷  strong in your faith, because you know ²⁸  that your brothers and sisters ²⁹  throughout the world ³⁰  are enduring ³¹  the same kinds of suffering. ³² 

[3:8]  ¹ tn There is no main verb in this verse (Grk “Finally, all [ ] harmonious”), but it continues the sense of command from the previous paragraphs.

[4:7]  ² tn Grk “for prayers.”

[4:8]  ³ tn The primary verb of v. 8 is a participle (“having”) but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.

[4:8]  ⁴ tn Or “constant.”

[4:8]  ⁵ sn The statement of v. 8b, love covers a multitude of sins, is proverbial: It is quoted from Prov 10:12 (cf. Jas 5:20). It speaks of the forbearance that comes with love: Christian love is patient and forgiving toward the offenses of a fellow Christian (Matt 18:21-22; 1 Cor 13:4-7).

[4:9]  ⁶ tn There is no main verb in this verse (“showing hospitality” translates the adjective φιλόξενοι [filoxenoi]), but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.

[4:10]  ⁷ tn Grk “serving it to one another.” The primary verb is a participle but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.

[4:11]  ⁸ tn Grk “if anyone speaks – as God’s words.”

[4:11]  ⁹ tn Or “oracles.”

[4:11]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “if anyone serves – with strength…”

[4:11]  ¹¹ tn Grk “is/are.”

[5:2]  ¹² tn Grk “shepherd,” “tend,” “pastor.”

[5:2]  ¹³ tc A few important mss (א* B sa) lack ἐπισκοποῦντες (episkopounte", “exercising oversight”), but the participle enjoys otherwise good ms support (Ì⁷² א² A P Ψ 33 1739 Ï lat). A decision is difficult because normally the shorter reading is preferred, especially when found in excellent witnesses. However, in this instance the omission may be due to a hesitation among some scribes to associate oversight with elders, since the later church viewed overseer/bishop as a separate office from elder.

[5:2]  ¹⁴ tn Or “not under compulsion/coercion.”

[5:2]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “according to God.”

[5:3]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “not as lording it over…but being examples.” The participles continue the command of v. 2 by describing how the shepherding should be carried out.

[5:3]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “the ones allotted,” referring to those God has given over to their care.

[5:4]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Then” to reflect the logical sequence of events.

[5:5]  ¹⁹ sn In this context younger and elder are terms that combine two meanings: relative age and an official structure of leadership in the church. As in v. 1, elder here denotes those who exercise spiritual leadership, who for the most part are older in years. Likewise younger means the rest of the community, who for the most part are younger in age, who are urged to accept the authority of their leaders.

[5:5]  ²⁰ sn A quotation from Prov 3:34 (cf. Jas 4:6).

[5:6]  ²¹ tn Grk “in time,” but connoting “the proper time, when the time is right” as in Matt 24:45; Luke 12:42.

[5:6]  ²² tn Grk “Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, so that in due time he may exalt you.” The sentence was rearranged so that the English reader could more clearly see the connection between “casting” (v. 7) and “humble” (v. 6).

[5:7]  ²³ tn Or “throwing on”; “loading.” Some scholars take the participle to function imperativally, or as attendant circumstance – thus, “cast.” See below for discussion.

[5:7]  sn Casting. According to ExSyn 630, “Although treated as an independent command in several modern translations (e.g., RSV, NRSV, NIV), the participle [casting] should be connected with the verb of v 6, ταπεινώθητε [tapeinwqhte, Humble yourselves]. As such, it is not offering a new command, but is defining how believers are to humble themselves. Taking the participle as means enriches the understanding of both verbs: Humbling oneself is not a negative act of self-denial per se, but a positive one of active dependence on God for help.”

[5:7]  ²⁴ tn Or “anxiety, burden,” but using a word from the same root as the verb “cares” in the last part of the verse.

[5:8]  ²⁵ sn This phrase may be an allusion to Ps 22:13.

[5:8]  ²⁶ tc A few mss (B Ψ 0206^vid pc) lack the pronoun τινα (tina), while others have it. Those that have it either put the acute accent over the penult, making this an interrogative pronoun (“whom”; L P 322 323 614 630 945 1243 1739 2298 al), or leave off any accent, making this an indefinite pronoun (“someone”; Ï), or are too early to employ accents but nevertheless have the pronoun τινα (Ì⁷² א A). Generally speaking, the shorter and harder reading is to be preferred. In this instance, the omission of the pronoun would obviously be accommodated for by scribes, since both ζητέω (zhtew, “look, seek”) and καταπίνω (katapinw, “devour”) are transitive verbs. However, if the omission were original, one might expect the position of the pronoun to float in the mss – both before and after the infinitive καταπιεῖν (katapiein, “to devour”). Further, other terms might be expected as well, such as ἕνα ἐξ ὑμῶν ({ena ex Jumwn, “one of you”) or τινα ἐξ ὑμῶν (tina ex Jumwn, “a certain one/someone of you”). The uniformity of both the word and its location suggests that the shorter reading (found in but a few Greek mss) in this instance was a scribal mistake. As to whether the pronoun is interrogative or indefinite, since accents were not a part of the earliest mss, such Greek witnesses are of no help to us in this kind of problem. There would be little difference in meaning between the two in this context.

[5:9]  ²⁷ tn Grk “whom,” referring to the devil in v. 8. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[5:9]  ²⁸ tn Grk “knowing,” a participle that usually denotes a reason for the related action.

[5:9]  ²⁹ tn Grk “your brotherhood.” The Greek term “brotherhood” is used in a broad sense to connote familial relationships within the family of God (cf. BDAG 19 s.v. ἀδελφότης 1). Another alternative translation would be “your fellow believers,” though this would weaken the familial connotations. This same word occurs in 2:17; there it has been translated “family of believers.”

[5:9]  ³⁰ tn Grk “your brotherhood in the world,” referring to the Christian community worldwide.

[5:9]  ³¹ tn This verb carries the nuance “to accomplish, complete,” emphasizing their faithful endurance in suffering. The verb is passive in Greek (“suffering is being endured by your brotherhood”), but has been translated as an active to give a smoother English style.

[5:9]  ³² tn Grk “the same things of sufferings.”